XDI acknowledges that we are on Aboriginal land and pay our respects to Elders past, present and future. We extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
XDI Benchmark Series
Gross Domestic Climate Risk ranking of 2,600+ territories
The XDI GDCR is the second release in the XDI Benchmark Series, ranking the physical climate risk to the built environment in all states and provinces around the world.
See the full 2,600+ territories below.
Use the interactive table below to rank 2,639 jurisdictions’ physical risk of damage from extreme weather and climate change in 2050 (expressed as Damage Ratio).
1. Search by region, country or territory. Territories in this dataset are the first sub-national administrative jurisdiction for most countries.
2. Ranking can be sorted by Aggregated Damage Ratio or Average Damage Ratio. Click on the heading in the table to choose.
3. See the notes below the table for important method and metric information.
What is Damage Ratio?
Damage Ratio is an expression of the Annual Average Loss from extreme weather damage to a property as a fraction of the replacement cost of that property. It is expressed as a ratio to enable comparability of physical risk unaffected by exchange rates, inflation and other variables. In other words, it is possible for two properties to have the same Damage Ratio, despite having different replacement values. The estimates do not account for increases in building stock over time.
Damage Ratio is used in the XDI modelling as it enables comparable assessment of extreme weather and climate risk across different countries where the value of property or the cost of repair may vary considerably.
Two versions of Damage Ratio are provided in the ranking: Aggregated Damage Ratio and Average Damage Ratio.
Aggregated Damage Ratio looks at the total amount of damage to the built environment in a particular province. Damage Ratios are aggregated and normalised to give insight into the extent of risk to the built environment as a whole, so that states with more stock exposed can be identified.
Average Damage Ratio provides insight into states and provinces that may have fewer properties but which may be subjected to greater or more widespread damage, so the proportion of damage is higher.
Damage Ratio is used in the XDI modelling as it enables comparable assessment of extreme weather and climate risk across different countries where the value of property or the cost of repair may vary considerably.
Two versions of Damage Ratio are provided in the ranking: Aggregated Damage Ratio and Average Damage Ratio.
Aggregated Damage Ratio looks at the total amount of damage to the built environment in a particular province. Damage Ratios are aggregated and normalised to give insight into the extent of risk to the built environment as a whole, so that states with more stock exposed can be identified.
Average Damage Ratio provides insight into states and provinces that may have fewer properties but which may be subjected to greater or more widespread damage, so the proportion of damage is higher.
Definition of states, provinces and territories: Administrative boundaries
The states, provinces and territories in this dataset are the first sub-national administrative jurisdiction for most countries, where data could be located. They vary greatly in size and this variation influences the result for Aggregated Damage Ratio. For 115 countries that are less than 25,000 square kilometres in land area or have a population below five million people results have been represented as a single territory and are labelled ‘whole country’ and this includes some external territories of other nations. Some administrative boundary changes may post-date the data used in this analysis.
Methods background
Read our Method background to understand what hazards and exposures have informed these results.
Third party use of this data
When using XDI’s Gross Domestic Climate Risk ranking we ask that you cite 2023 XDI Gross Domestic Climate Risk with a link to this webpage.
Disclaimer and Terms
This Gross Domestic Climate Risk ranking (Ranking) is based on an assessment of risks to the global built environment arising from the effects of climate change using a selection of information, data, scientific methods and modelling techniques as described in our methods document. Such information, data, methods and modelling techniques may be subject to limitations.
The information, data and inferences contained in this Ranking does not comprise or constitute and should not be relied upon as investment or financial advice.
XDI and its affiliates (i) disclaims any and all responsibility for any errors or inaccuracies in the information, data and inferences contained in this Ranking; (ii) is not responsible for any use made of the information, data and inferences contained in this Ranking by any party; and (iii) accepts no liability for any action as a result of any person’s or group’s interpretations, deductions, conclusions or actions in relying on the information, data and inferences contained in this Ranking.
Use of and/or reliance on the information, data and inferences contained in this Ranking is at your sole risk.
To the full extent permitted by law, you waive and release XDI, its directors, officers, employees, associates, affiliates, and agents from all liability for loss, costs, liabilities, expenses or damage arising from the use of, or reliance on, information, data and inferences contained in this Ranking.
In no event will XDI, its directors, officers, employees, associates, affiliates and agents be liable for any consequential loss resulting from use of or reliance on the information, data and inferences contained in this Ranking, being any loss, damage, claim, expense, damage and or penalty that does not ordinarily or naturally flow from the breach, act or omission and includes, without limitation, indirect loss, loss of revenue, loss of reputation, loss of profits, loss of actual or anticipated savings and loss of bargain.
You acknowledge and agree to the matters set out in this Disclaimer and Terms by accessing the Ranking from XDI’s website.
Commercial Enquiries
If you’re interested in commercial versions of the GDCR data set, please complete the form below and one of our friendly sales staff will be in touch.
Media enquiries
If you are a journalist and would like our media briefing pack please email us.